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Latest stories and discussion in Science.

Long-term analysis questions whether Japan's depopulation policy can stabilize shrinking communities

Small and medium-sized cities (SMCs) are essential for balanced national development, yet many are now facing prolonged population loss, aging and weakened labor markets. Japan has addressed this challenge for more than half a century through the Depopulated-Area-Designation (DAD) policy, a national framework that identifies municipalities facing population loss and supports them through infrastructure, fiscal, industrial and social measures. However, it has not been determined whether such a designation can stabilize shrinking communities over time.

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Hemoglobin component heme shown to inhibit enzyme that helps dissolve blood clots

When it comes to blood clots, it is not only how they form that is crucial, but also how the body can break them down again. A team of researchers at the University of Koblenz, led by Prof. Dr. Marie-T. Hopp, has demonstrated that heme—a component of hemoglobin—can influence this process. The findings, published in the International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, provide a new molecular approach to better understanding the link between hemolysis and an increased risk of thrombosis.

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Fossils from brickworks reveal new dinosaur species that roamed England's wetlands 125 million years ago

More than 25 years after it was first discovered, a new species and genus of dinosaur have been named from the fossil collections cared for by the Natural History Museum. Paludohadros proudlovii was discovered at wienerberger's Ewhurst brick and roof tile works (Ewhurst Works) in Surrey in 2001 and subsequently donated to the Natural History Museum. It was a member of the iguanodontians—a group of dinosaurs known for their charismatic thumb spikes.

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New binary gene expression system enables independent control of multiple cell types

Our bodies are composed of many different types of cells that work together to build and maintain normal physiological functions. In the central nervous system, for example, neurons transmit information, while glial cells such as astrocytes regulate the environment surrounding neurons and support their function. Understanding how these cell types influence one another is essential for uncovering how our bodies develop and function.

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Inside the narcissistic brain: fMRI research sheds light on the narcissist's struggle with empathy

Many people have narcissistic traits to some degree, for example, confidence in one's own superiority, a sense of entitlement and a desire to be the center of attention. However, some people have notably higher levels of narcissistic traits than others, and the neural basis of so-called "grandiose narcissism" has rarely been studied in socially complex situations.

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Water into fuel: The new nanomaterial that could upgrade green hydrogen

Generating hydrogen without releasing carbon dioxide sounds simple: pass electricity through water, split water molecules and generate green hydrogen. The hard part is the electrocatalyst. The best ones rely on platinum, ruthenium and iridium, which are scarce and expensive. We wanted to know whether a small amount of iron and nickel oxides, anchored on carbon nanofibers grown by chemical vapor deposition the right way on the right scaffold, could do the job instead. Our results are published in ACS Applied Nano Materials.

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Rare gene variants linked to dental differences that shape our smiles

Rare variants in a gene involved in early development have been linked to a range of dental differences in people, including missing teeth, unusual tooth shapes and teeth present at birth. By studying changes in the same gene in mice and chickens, researchers have also uncovered clues to how differences in tooth number and shape evolved across species, including how birds may have lost their teeth.

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